Summary of the Bonn Climate Change Conference: 3-14 June 2013

Protocol (CMP 1) decided to establish the Ad Hoc Working Group on Annex I Parties' Further Commitments under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) in accordance with Protocol Article 3.9, which mandated consideration of Annex I parties' further commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period.COP 11 created a process to consider long-term cooperation under the Convention through a series of four workshops known as "the Convention Dialogue."In December 2007, COP 13 and CMP 3 in Bali, Indonesia, resulted in agreement on the Bali Roadmap on long-term issues.COP 13 adopted the Bali Action Plan (BAP) and established the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA) with a mandate to focus on mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology and a shared vision for long-term cooperative action.Negotiations on Annex I parties' further commitments continued under the AWG-KP.The deadline for concluding the two-track negotiations was Copenhagen in 2009. COPENHAGEN:The UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, took place in December 2009.The highprofile event was marked by disputes over transparency and process.During the high-level segment, informal negotiations took place in a group consisting of major economies and representatives of regional and other negotiating groups.Late in the evening of 18 December, these talks resulted in a political agreement, the "Copenhagen Accord," which was then presented to the COP plenary for adoption.After 13 hours of debate, delegates ultimately agreed to "take note" of the Copenhagen Accord.In 2010, over 140 countries indicated support for the Accord.More than 80 countries also provided information on their national mitigation targets or actions.Parties also extended the mandates of the AWG-LCA and AWG-KP until COP 16 and CMP 6 in 2010.CANCUN: The UN Climate Change Conference in Cancun, Mexico, took place in December 2010, where parties finalized the Cancun Agreements.Under the Convention track, Decision 1/CP.16 recognized the need for deep cuts in global emissions in order to limit the global average temperature rise to 2C above pre-industrial levels.Parties agreed to consider strengthening the global long-term goal during a Review by 2015, including in relation to a proposed 1.5C target.Decision 1/CP.16 also addressed other aspects of mitigation, such as: measuring, reporting and verification (MRV); and reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+).The Cancun Agreements also established several new institutions and processes, including the Cancun Adaptation Framework, the Adaptation Committee, and the Technology Mechanism, which includes the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate Technology Centre and Network.The Green Climate Fund (GCF) was created and designated as an operating entity of the Convention's financial mechanism.Under the Protocol track, the CMP urged Annex I parties to raise the level of ambition towards achieving aggregate emission reductions, and adopted Decision 2/CMP.6 on land use, land-

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