School-based tobacco control efforts and the smoking behaviour of high school students in Prince Edward Island, Canada: examining differences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim This study examined the factors related to whether or not school-based tobacco control efforts were associated with student smoking behaviour among two groups of students: Group 1 (15–17 years of age; grade 10 in 2000 and grade 11 in 2001) and Group 2 (16–19 years of age; grade 11 in 2000 and grade 12 in 2001). Background Between 1999 and 2001, Prince Edward Island (PEI) introduced a province-wide initiative to implement both school-based policies banning smoking on school grounds and school-based smoking prevention programming, phased in over a three-year period, in all schools. Methods Data were collected from all 10 English-speaking secondary schools in PEI (Canada) over three years (1999–2001) using the Tobacco Module of the School Health Action, Planning and Evaluation System. Findings Results showed an increase in both occasional and regular smoking behaviour with Group 1 showing an 18% increase in occasional smoking compared to 3.9% for Group 2. The characteristic associated with an increased likelihood of regular and occasional smoking for 2000 and 2001 was students overestimating the percentage of youth their age who smoke. However, students’ knowledge and awareness of smoking policies and enforcement, students’ perceptions of schools having clear rules, and that students who break the rules get into trouble increased from 2000 to 2001. The findings from this study provide important information about how groups of students within schools experience tobacco control efforts differently. Addressing student misperceptions and policy implementation within schools may provide direction for tobacco control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".