Co-Current Gas-Liquid Smooth-Stratified Flow in a Horizontal Reduced T-Junction Including Wavy and Slug Regime Transition Boundaries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments were performed in a horizontal reduced T-junction using a branch diameter of 6.35 mm and an inlet pipe diameter of 50.8 mm. The inlet length was 1.8 m and three branch orientations were tested at 0, 45, and 90 degrees down from the horizontal. Water and air, operating at 206 kPa, were used to provide an adiabatic two-phase environment. Both fluids flowed co-currently within the inlet towards the branch in the smooth-stratified regime. Results demonstrate the relationship between the interface height and the inlet and branch two-phase quantities, including the inlet superficial liquid and gas velocities, and branch two-phase mass flow rate and quality. In certain instances transitions to wavy-stratified or slug regimes were observed and these limits are quantified for each branch orientation. Flow visualization was used to identify the initiation of two-phase flow in the branch, including the onsets of gas and liquid entrainment. The critical height at the onset of gas entrainment was quantified as a function of the single phase liquid branch Froude number for the 45 and 90 degree branches, respectively. The branch quality results were scaled using the critical height and showed good agreement with selected models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".