Truncal fat distribution correlates with decreased vital capacity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder associated with progressive muscle weakness and respiratory failure. Oral corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment, but are associated with obesity with a central distribution. This study is designed to determine the relationship between body mass index, central adiposity, and lung function in subjects with DMD. METHODS: Retrospective fat distribution data was obtained in boys with DMD from studies using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fat distribution data was reviewed at two tertiary academic institutions and compared with concurrent height, weight, body mass index (BMI), measures of lung function, and sleep study data when available. Truncal fat mass used as a measure of central adiposity. RESULTS: Forty-four subjects (age 12.0 ± 3.4 years) were included. Mean BMI was 22.1 ± 5.9 kg/m(2) . Sixty-eight percent (30 patients) were on corticosteroid therapy. Truncal fat mass percentage was inversely correlated with forced vital capacity (% predicted FVC) (Pearson coefficient -0.37, P = 0.01). Linear regression showed that truncal fat distribution, but not total fat mass, age or corticosteroid use negatively predicted FVC (r(2) = 0.24, P = 0.048). BMI had a positive effect (P = 0.04). However, fat distribution did not predict the rate of change of lung function in a smaller sample. Fat distribution, BMI, or age did not predict measures of sleep disordered breathing. CONCLUSIONS: Truncal fat distribution is a significant predictor of lower vital capacity in boys with DMD, whereas BMI has a positive effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".