Bibliographic record
Abstract
Assessment of the energetic costs of parasitism is central to understanding the role of parasites in their hosts' foodwebs, but few studies have directly measured these costs. This study demonstrates that infection with the acanthocephalan parasite Acanthocephalus tehlequahensis causes a significant and direct energetic cost to its freshwater isopod intermediate host Ceacidotea communis at both individual and population levels. Bomb calorimetry was used to measure energy (kj·m−2.y−1) allocated to host growth, reproduction, and respiration in infected and uninfected isopods and to parasite tissue in infected isopods. Infected isopod individuals allocated ~21% of their net production energy to parasite growth, and they were larger (length), consumed more leaf detritus, and lost significantly more energy to respiration than uninfected controls (P ≤ 0.05). They also allocated proportionally less energy to tissue growth, allocated zero energy to reproduction, and were less efficient at converting energy into isopod biomass when compared to uninfected controls (P ≤ 0.05). In the field, isopod populations were surveyed monthly for a year. The parasite had a mean infection prevalence in the stream of 30.19% ± 8.31 SE with a mean intensity of 1.12 ± 0.39 SE parasites/host in the population, and based on this infection rate, it is estimated that ∼6.7% of total production energy of the isopod population (infected and uninfected) is diverted towards the parasite.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".