Micromachined Electric-Field Sensor to Measure AC and DC Fields in Power Systems
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes a new type of electric-field sensor that has been fabricated using micromachining technology. This micromachined sensor is dramatically smaller than conventional field mills, possessing a field chopping shutter measuring only 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The shutter is moved using thermal actuators, thereby eliminating the wear and tear associated with rotating and moving elements of field mills. The sensor requires minimal operating power, with the shutter being driven by a 75-mV drive signal while consuming only 70 muW. The field chopping shutter operates at ~ 4200 Hz, enabling the measurement of both ac and dc fields. Two sets of sense electrodes enable differential field measurements and, therefore, do not require a reference ground potential. The sensor has a linear response to the electric-field amplitude and has demonstrated that it is capable of measuring a dc field as small as 42 V/m. This miniature sensor is the smallest sensor with such a resolution for use in power engineering applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it