The fluid dynamics of low-angle river dunes: results from integrated field monitoring, laboratory experimentation and numerical modelling.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Combined physical and numerical modelling of flow over low-angle river dunes, whose morphology isbased on dunes monitored in the Fraser River, Canada, shows that the flow field is dominated by flowacceleration over the stoss side, flow expansion in the leeside and the absence of a region of permanentflow separation. Both physical and numerical models show the absence of permanent flow separation butsuggest that intermittent flow separation may characterise flow in the leeside. The numerical model isused to investigative the role of upstream inherited flow structure on eddy shedding from the leeside andsuggests that the instantaneous nature of flow, and thus sediment suspension, is dictated by the turbulentflow field in the leeside that is inherently linked to the flow fields of upstream dunes. Turbulencemodulation of flow by the upstream flow field may thus be important for interpreting the flow fields overindividual dunes, highlighting the possible significance of bedform superimposition in bedform dynamics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".