Respiratory and Circulatory Responses to Hypoxia in Largemouth Bass and Smallmouth Bass: Implications for “Live‐Release” Angling Tournaments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Arterial blood respiratory variables, ventilation rate, and cardiac output were examined in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and smallmouth bass M. dolomieu to compare their physiological responses to graded levels of hypoxia. Reduction in water Po 2 (Pwo 2 ) from 150 to 45 torr (1 torr ≈ 133.3 Pa) caused similar decreases in arterial Po 2 (Pao 2 ) in both species, although total blood O 2 content was markedly higher in largemouth bass at the lower oxygen tensions. Curves for in vitro O 2 dissociation in normoxic fish indicated that largemouth bass blood had a higher affinity for O 2 than smallmouth bass blood. Severe hypoxia caused a significant increase in blood concentrations of catecholamines in smallmouth bass but not in largemouth bass. Increases in ventilation rate (54%) and decreases in cardiac output (27%) during hypoxia were also more pronounced in smallmouth bass than in largemouth bass. Arterial blood pH did not change during hypoxia exposure in largemouth bass but decreased significantly during severe hypoxia in smallmouth bass. The results of this study indicate that smallmouth bass are more sensitive to hypoxia than largemouth bass are. These results have important implications for situations in which these two bass species may be exposed to periods of hypoxia, such as during live‐release angling events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".