The dielectric, piezoelectric and hydrostatic properties of PLZT based rainbow ceramics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the selective reduction of one surface of a high-lead-containing piezoelectric or electrostrictive ceramic wafer results in a stress-biased wafer with a unique domed structure that leads to high electromechanical displacement and enhanced load-bearing capability. These ceramics have been called rainbow ceramics and their very high displacements make them very promising materials for transducers and actuators. The dielectric, piezoelectric and hydrostatic properties of a variety of PLZT based rainbow ceramics have been measured and analysed. The samples exhibited a strong piezoelectric effect in the poling direction (effective d/sub 33/ of the order of 10/sup -8/ C/N) under low planar and hydrostatic pressures but as the pressure was increased there was a marked decrease in the strength of the piezoelectric response which passed through a minimum and then increased to the level of typical values for PZT ceramic. Some samples were plated and these had a low pressure hydrostatic voltage coefficient that was considerably greater than that of PZT along with a reasonable level of thickness mode electromechanical coupling. However, as the hydrostatic pressure was increased, the hydrostatic voltage coefficient decreased towards typical values for PZT. The rainbow ceramics show considerable promise as material for actuators and, possibly, for shallow water sonar transducers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".