Sex Differences in the Prediction of Metabolic Burden from Physiological Responses to Stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heightened or prolonged physiological responses to stress may contribute to the development or progression of metabolic abnormalities. PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the prospective relationships between stress responses and metabolic burden, and to determine whether age and/or sex moderate these relationships. METHODS: One hundred ninety-nine healthy men and women (M(age) = 41 ± 11.5) were exposed to four stressors while blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability were obtained. Residual change scores for reactivity (stress - baseline) and recovery (post-stress - baseline) scores were computed. Metabolic burden refers to the number of metabolic parameters for which participants were in the highest quartile (lowest for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) for their sex. Metabolic burden was reassessed in 136 participants 3 years later. RESULTS: Greater parasympathetic withdrawal in response to stress was associated with increased metabolic burden, though this was evident mostly in men. In women, dampened autonomic responses to stress were associated with higher metabolic burden. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac autonomic responses to stress predict future metabolic abnormalities, though the direction of effect differs according to sex.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".