Fluoroscopy During Removal of 50 Upper Arm Venous Ports
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: The Cook Vital Port system was observed with fluoroscopy before elective removal. A previous publication noted that catheter fracture with this device occurred at the entry of the catheter into the vein used for catheter deployment. We hypothesized that catheter rupture at the vein entry site may be due to ballooning of the catheter during injection, or possibly due to angulation of the catheter during arm movements. Methods: Port system contrast injection and fluoroscopy was performed for 50 consecutive patients who attended for elective arm vein port removal. Assessment of the angle of entry of the catheter into the arm vein was performed with the arm in anatomic position and during arm movements. Results: There was no evidence of catheter ballooning or distortion during contrast injection. There was no evidence of fibrin sheath formation at the catheter tip. One catheter was observed to leak at the vein entry site with the injection of contrast. The only arm movement that affected the angle of the catheter at the vein entry site was flexion at the elbow. The average change in the angle of the catheter between anatomic position and full elbow flexion was 22.4°C. Conclusions: The hypothesis of ballooning of the catheter at the vein entry site during injection was not confirmed. We observed a wide variation in catheter angulation with elbow flexion. The exact cause for catheter fracture remains unknown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".