Food web position of burbot relative to lake trout, northern pike, and lake whitefish in four sub-Arctic boreal lakes
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We assessed the food web position of burbot Lota lota relative to co-occurring large-bodied fishes in four northern (62°40′N, 114°10′W) boreal shield lakes of similar size (305–547 ha) using a stable isotope approach. Trophic position (inferred from δ15N) was positively correlated to body mass in burbot, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, and northern pike Esox lucius, but negatively correlated to body mass in lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis. Carbon source (inferred from δ13C) was positively correlated to body mass in lake whitefish, but not related to body mass in any of the other three species. In all lakes, burbot had δ15N and δ13C signatures very similar to those of lake trout. Both burbot and lake trout were more δ15N-enriched than northern pike (P < 0.001). Lake trout had lower δ13C than northern pike and lake whitefish (P = 0.0023) but not burbot. Our results confirm that burbot occupy a position near the top of the food chain in boreal lakes and may play an important role in structuring the limnetic fish community.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it