Production of tomato flavor volatiles from a crude enzyme preparation using a hollow-fiber reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years there has been an increase in the interest in the production of compounds by isolation from natural sources or through processes that can be deemed "natural". This is of particular interest in the food and beverage industry for flavors and aromas. Hexanal, organoleptically known to possess "green character", is of considerable commercial interest. The objective of this study was to determine if the enzyme template known to be responsible for the synthesis of hexanal from linoleic acid (18:2) in tomato fruits could be harnessed using a hollow-fiber reactor. A hollow-fiber reactor system was set up and consisted of a XAMPLER ultrafiltration module coupled to a reservoir. The enzyme template was extracted from ripe tomato fruits and processed through an ultrafiltration unit (NMWC of 100 kDa) to produce a retentate enriched in soluble and membrane-associated lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL). This extract was recirculated through the lumen of the hollow-fiber ultrafiltration unit with the addition of substrate in the form of linoleic acid, with buffer addition to the reaction flask to maintain a constant retentate volume. Product formation was measured in the permeate using solid phase microextraction (SPME) developed for this system. At exogenous substrate concentrations of 16 mM and a transmembrane pressure of 70 kPa, hexanal production rates are in the order of 5.1 microg/min. Addition of Triton X-100 resulted in membrane fouling and reduced flux. The reactor system has been run for periods of up to 1 week and has been shown to be stable over this period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".