Association of serum cortisol levels with parameters of metabolic syndrome in men and women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Central fat distribution is significantly associated with an increased cortisol levels. We hypothesized that men with metabolic syndrome have a higher serum cortisol levels compared to women. The purpose of this study was to compare serum cortisol levels, and its correlation with serum leptin levels, between men and women with and without metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A cross sectional study was performed with 120 untreated patients with metabolic syndrome and 165 healthy volunteers as controls. Serum lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, insulin, cortisol and leptin levels were measured for both groups. RESULTS: Men with metabolic syndrome had a higher serum cortisol levels, while serum leptin levels were significantly higher in women. The higher serum cortisol level in men with metabolic syndrome was significant after multiple adjustments for age, BMI and waist circumference (17.74±5.1 vs 14.07±4.3; p < 0.05) using general linear model; however, these difference were no longer significant when the waist-to-hip ratio was added as one of the adjustment factors (16.7±1.2 vs. 14.9±0.5; p < 0.2). Serum cortisol levels was significantly correlated with serum leptin (r=0.33, p < 0.05), cholesterol (r=0.35, p < 0.05), triglyceride (r=0.25, p < 0.05), waist circumference (r=0.41, p < 0.01) and waist-to-hip ratio (r=0.32, p < 0.01) in women with metabolic syndrome, after controlling for age and BMI. CONCLUSION: Serum cortisol levels are significantly higher in men with metabolic syndrome. This effect is independent of waist circumference.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".