Photodynamics of Latex Nanospheres Examined Using Two-Photon Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a highly sensitive and selective technique with which one can analyze highly localized environments using the fluctuations in the average fluorescence of a probe fluorophore. Two-photon FCS has been proposed as a method to minimize photodamage to the probes and living organisms under observation. While multiphoton excitation reduces photodamage outside the focal volume, photodynamic effects within the volume can be substantial. The dynamics occurring in the focal excitation volume of a two-photon confocal microscope are examined using FCS of dye-loaded, 100 nm diameter polystyrene spheres. Multiphoton photodynamic events are observed which cannot be explained either by simple local solution heating or by intersystem crossing within a single excited dye molecule. The laser power dependence of photodynamics process suggests that a four-photon absorption by polystyrene and subsequent ablation of the sphere is the mechanism of fluorescence-reducing photodamage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".