The Neoproterozoic to Mid-Devonian evolution of Scotland: a review and unresolved issues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this review paper is to identify and outline some critical questions about the geology and tectonic evolution of the Scottish Caledonides in their wider Caledonian/Appalachian context. We outline what we think we know and what we perceive to be some important problems from about 1.0 Ga (Grenville Orogeny) to the Middle Devonian (Acadian Orogeny). We do not attempt in-depth analyses of any terrain or tectonic topic in this review but, mainly, pose questions. Scotland is considered in the context of the Irish Caledonides and the Northern Appalachians, especially Newfoundland, so we make reference to these areas where appropriate. Each section is intended as ‘stand-alone’, not dependent upon prior or subsequent sections; the sequence of sections, roughly in time order, has a historical narrative thread. We have not included cross-sectional schematic diagrams because we do not have a clear picture of plate boundary zone and terrane arrangements in the Caledonides. There are too many enigmas, paradoxes and unknowns to draw tectonic cross-sections with conviction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".