Mass loading and the rate of clogging due to municipal solid waste leachate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The results of laboratory column tests conducted to assess the effect of the mass loading on the clogging of porous media are presented. The tests were conducted using actual leachate from the Keele Valley Landfill under saturated, anaerobic conditions. It is shown that clogging is greatest where there is the greatest mass loading (near the inlet in this case, but likely near the collection pipes in a field situation). An empirical relationship between the hydraulic conductivity and drainable porosity is presented. Even though it is shown that higher flow rates give rise to less efficient bioreactors, the columns with high flow still experience greater rates of clogging than those with low flow. The columns were found to be severely clogged when the drainable porosity had decreased to about 10% of the initial value. The bulk (wet) density of the clog material is found to range between 1.6 and 2 Mg/m3 and, on a dry mass basis, 27% of the clog is calcium and 47% is carbonate. The columns were colonized by a diverse consortium of bacteria including methanogens, sulfate-reducing, and denitrifying bacteria, with methanogens being dominant in the portion of the column where clogging was most severe.Key words: leachate collection, clogging, porous media, mass loading, flow rate, anaerobic, microbial.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".