Nutrient cycling in the vegetable processing industry: Utilization of potato by-products
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in Canada and the United States totals approximately 30 × 106 Mg yr-1. Approximately half of this is unsuitable for human consumption. This potato by-product comprises cull potatoes and potato processing waste (PPW). Liquid waste from processing plants can be applied to agricultural land. With strict environmental monitoring and control, crops such as corn (Zea mays L.), vegetables and grass can be used to divert large volumes of liquid waste. Solid waste and culls have traditionally been put in landfills or disposed of on agricultural land as a fertilizer. However these can be diverted from landfill sites or agricultural land and used as a high-quality animal feed, principally in beef feedlots. Research has shown that PPW can replace corn and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain without negative effects on growth of beef cattle or meat quality. Indeed, efficiency of animal growth per unit diet intake is improved. These effects have been observed with diets containing up to 80% PPW. Results to date suggest that PPW is a valuable livestock feed ingredient and has no deleterious effects on beef quality. In areas where PPW is available, feeding to beef cattle represents a viable alternative to other disposal options. Key words: Potato, processing waste, by-product, cattle, land disposal
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".