Review: high dose vitamin E supplementation is associated with increased all cause mortality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, et al . Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:37–46.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Q Does vitamin E supplementation increase all cause mortality? Does a dose-response relation exist between vitamin E and all cause mortality? ### ![Graphic][5]</img>Data sources: Medline (1966 to August 2004), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, bibliographies of relevant studies and reviews, and personal files of the investigators. ### ![Graphic][6]</img>Study selection and assessment: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared vitamin E supplementation (alone or combined with other vitamins or minerals) with a control or placebo group in men or non-pregnant women, study duration and follow up were >1 year, and ⩾10 deaths occurred. ### ![Graphic][7]</img>Outcomes: all cause mortality. 19 RCTs (n = 135 967, mean age range 47–84 y) met the selection … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnn%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7326%252F0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00110%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15537682%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.7326/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00110&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15537682&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F8%2F3%2F82.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000228366200004&link_type=ISI [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".