Effect of carbon support nanostructure on the oxygen reduction activity of Pt/C catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work is focussed on establishing the effect of the nanostructure of a series of ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) support materials, after Pt loading, on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance, for application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) templates were prepared using alkylamine surfactants with varying carbon chain lengths, producing wormhole pore diameters of 1.5–3.1 nm and silica wall thicknesses of ca. 2.3 nm. The HMS pores were then filled either with sucrose or an aromatic carbon precursor (anthracene or naphthalene), followed by carbonization and removal of the HMS in NaOH, leaving behind an interconnected carbon structure (“nano-strings”), 1.5–3.1 nm in diameter. These OMCs all have a similar, bimodal, pore size distribution, with the smaller pores (1.8 nm) attributed to removal of the HMS walls and the larger pores (∼3.5 nm) arising from incomplete filling of the HMS pores with carbon precursor. The OMCs were loaded with 20 wt% Pt, resulting in very similar Pt particle sizes (ca. 5 nm), as confirmed by XRD, TEM, and electrochemical surface area measurements. The ORR activity was found to decrease as the carbon nano-string diameter decreased, proposed to be due to a higher electronic resistance, while the degree of OMC graphitization, determined by XRD analysis, had only a minor impact on the ORR activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".