Population genetic structure in green dragon (<i>Arisaema dracontium</i>, Araceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The clonal perennial herb, Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott., is considered "vulnerable" in Canada but is more abundant in the adjacent northeastern United States. In Canada, sexual reproduction may be limited since the species is self-incompatible, and populations at the edge of a species' range may contain limited genetic diversity. We compared genetic variation in nine enzymes systems, sampled at 19 populations across eastern North America. Based on chromosome counts and interpretable banding patterns, A. dracontium is tetraploid over most of its range (2n = 56). However, plants in Florida were diploid, lacked 10 out of a total of 19 interpretable alleles, had distinct allelic frequencies, and clustered a large distance from the other populations. Some plants from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, were also diploid, but all allozyme samples were tetraploid. Most genetic variation occurred within populations; only 29% of variation was between populations. Individuals in two adjacent, otherwise isolated Ontario populations were fixed for most loci and were balanced heterozygotes for the got-2 locus. All samples but one were also identical for an additional six non-interpretable enzyme banding patterns, suggesting these two populations comprise multiple ramets of a single multilocus genotype, propagated clonally via corms. Ecologically marginal populations were typically more distant from the nearest neighboring population and were more genetically distinct from one another; however, with the exception of the two monoclonal populations, marginal populations were not genetically depauperate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".