Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: This paper is a report of a concept analysis of stigma in the context of hepatitis C. BACKGROUND: Stigma is a complex and powerful social phenomenon that influences the course of illness and marginalizes populations. Knowledge of hepatitis C stigma is central to assisting people with hepatitis C self-manage their illness and reduce the disease burden. DATA SOURCES: Thirty studies from 1995 to 2007 located in health and social sciences databases constituted the data for an evolutionary concept analysis and ecological theory guide the review. FINDINGS: Stigma is a subjective and variable, perceived and/or experienced phenomenon, most frequently but not exclusively viewed as negative, that has interrelated intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural or institutional dimensions. The antecedents of hepatitis C stigma are help-seeking situations most frequently occurring in healthcare settings. Attributes include the association of hepatitis C with illicit drug use, fear of transmission of a contagious and life-threatening infection, acceptable level of risk, and the power to impose restrictions on the part of healthcare practitioners, family and friendship networks and society. Stigma consequences are mainly, but not exclusively, negative. CONCLUSION: A central and distinctive feature of hepatitis C stigma in the Western world is its association with illicit drug use. Further research is required to understand the complexities associated with the sociocultural, situational and structural features that influence the stigma experience as well as the trajectory of the disease to understand the concept better and inform nursing practice.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".