The effect of fertilizing forage with sodium selenate on selenium concentration of hay, drain water and serum selenium concentrations in beef heifers and calves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of this trial were to determine the effect of fertilizing grass/alfalfa pastures with sodium selenate on selenium (Se) concentration of hay, drain water and serum Se concentrations in heifers and their calves. A 9.7-ha grass alfalfa hay field was split into four strips, two of which were fertilized with 10g Se ha -1 on 2002 Apr. 20. Hay was harvested from the field on 2002 Jul. 01 and 2002 Aug. 25. Drain water from the field was collected at monthly intervals from 2002 Apr. 20 to 2002 Aug. 20. Thirty-six first calf heifers in the third trimester of gestation were assigned randomly to one of nine pens and pens were assigned randomly to one of three treatments in a completely random design. Treatments were: (1) a basal diet of Se fertilized hay and a mineral mix containing 180 mg Se kg -1 (+Se hay +Se mineral), (2) a basal diet of Se fertilized hay and a mineral mix containing no Se (+Se hay −Se mineral), and (3) a basal diet of non-Se fertilized hay and a mineral mix containing 180 mg Se kg -1 (−Se hay +Se mineral). Blood samples were collected via coccygeal venipuncture at the initiation of the trial and at calving. Twelve hours after birth a blood sample was collected from each calf via jugular venipuncture. Selenium fertilization increased (P < 0.05) Se concentration in the hay 12-fold in the first cutting and fourfold in the second cutting. Selenium was only detectable in the drain water 1 mo after fertilization (0.55 µg Se kg -1 ). Intake of Se was greatest (P < 0.05) for +Se hay +Se mineral heifers, intermediate for −Se hay +Se mineral heifers, and lowest for +Se hay −Se mineral heifers. Serum Se concentration of heifers was greater (P < 0.05) in +Se hay +Se mineral than in +Se hay −Se mineral heifers. Serum Se concentration of calves was higher (P< 0.05) in the +Se hay +Se mineral, intermediate in +Se hay −Se mineral calves, and lowest in −Se hay +Se mineral calves. Fertilization with sodium selenate can be used as an alternative method to provide Se to beef cattle in geographic regions where Se supplementation is required. Key words: Beef cattle, selenium, supplementation, fertilization
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".