Induced Resistance to Blackleg (<i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i>) Disease of Canola (<i>Brassica napus</i>) Caused by a Weakly Virulent Isolate of <i>Leptosphaeria biglobosa</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blackleg of canola is a disease complex of at least two fungal species: Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa. Isolates of L. biglobosa typically are weakly virulent or avirulent and are assigned to pathogenicity group 1 (PG-1). Isolates of L. maculans are highly virulent and encompass pathogenicity groups PG-2, PG-3, and PG-4. In greenhouse tests, percent lesion/leaf area (PLLA) on cotyledons of two Brassica napus cultivars, Westar and Invigor 2153, was smaller when L. biglobosa (PG-1) was either pre- or co-inoculated at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h with virulent isolates of L. maculans in PG-2, PG-3, and PG-4. On six-leaf-stage plants of Westar, the PLLA declined significantly compared with the control when the lower leaves were treated with either PG-1 or salicylic acid, then challenged with a PG-2 isolate 24 h later. In addition, the activity of four enzymes (chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) was greatly enhanced at 48 and 72 h when cotyledons of Westar were inoculated first with PG-1 followed by PG-2 24 h later, compared with a water control treatment. Field experiments conducted in 2003 and 2004 showed decreased blackleg severity in plants inoculated with PG-1 alone or prior to PG-2 compared with plants inoculated with PG-2 alone or prior to PG-1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".