Coronary artery bypass grafting in the elderly: pros and cons after three-year follow-up.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: The elderly represent an ever-growing proportion of the candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We analyzed the effect of anticipated risks on the early and mid-term outcome of coronary surgery in septuagenarians compared with younger patients. METHOD: We analyzed 1,475 consecutive isolated CABG procedures performed at the Charles University Hospital during the 1995-1997 period and assessed their early and mid-term (3-year follow-up) results with respect to patient age. The patients were divided into two groups: younger (n = 1,324, age < 70 years) and older (n = 151, age > or = 70 years). We studied potential preoperative risk factors, perioperative parameters, and postoperative course. Data on functional status, incidence of major cardiac events, and patient satisfaction with the outcome of surgery 3 years after the operation were collected from the patients by a questionnaire survey. RESULTS: The elderly had lower body mass index and body surface area, more advanced stage of disease according to the New York Heart Association and Canadian Cardiovascular Society classifications, higher prevalence of diabetes, renal dysfunction, and extracardiac arteriopathy. CABG was performed in both groups, with no procedural differences. The older group had higher mortality (7.3% vs 2.3%), incidence of NearMiss+ (outcome measure index; 36.4% vs 18.4%), and post-operative morbidity (56.3% vs 34.6%). Older patients also required longer stay at the intensive care unit and longer hospitalization. Three-year follow-up revealed identical relief of symptoms and improvement of functional status in both groups, with higher mortality in the elderly (15.3% vs 4.5%). The stroke was also more frequent in the elderly (8.6% vs 3.0%), whereas the occurrence of other non-fatal cardiac events was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Coronary revascularization in the elderly carries higher but still acceptable risk. The elderly survivors showed similar functional improvement as the younger patients, but the actuarial survival was worse, mainly due to perpetuating cardiovascular illness. Surgical procedure should not be denied to elderly population based on age alone and each patient should be carefully evaluated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".