Boys born small for gestational age may be at an increased risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety during adolescence if exposed to chronic stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
QUESTION Question: Are adolescents who were born small or large for gestational age more likely to suffer symptoms of depression in response to stressful life events than adolescents born the appropriate size for gestational age? People: In total, 3732 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth who were assessed for depression and anxiety in 2006�2007 and who had birth weight data available at the start of the study, in 1994�1995. Setting: Canada; 1994�2007. Risk factors: Size for gestational age. Small for gestational age babies were defined as babies with birth weights in the bottom 10% of Canadian sex-specific standards for weight for each week of gestational age. Large for gestational age babies had birth weights in the top 10%. Outcomes: Depression and anxiety symptoms when children were aged between 12 and 15 years old. Symptoms were assessed using seven items from the Ontario Child Health Study, derived from the Child Behaviour Checklist. Exposure to recent (within the previous 24 months) and previous acute stress or exposure to chronic stress was reported by parents. Acute stressors included death of a parent, death of a family member, divorce or separation of parents, illness or injury of a child, illness or injury of a family member, abuse or fear of abuse, change in household members, alcoholism or mental health disorders in family, conflict between parents, other traumatic events, death of a pet and problems at school. Chronic stressors included low socioeconomic status, having a broken family, and low social support from peers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".