Equivalent Uniform Moment Diagram Factor for Composite Columns in Major Axis Bending
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ACI Building Code permits the use of the equivalent uniform bending moment diagram factor (Cm) for computing the effect of moment gradient, along the column height, caused by unequal column end moments. The concept of equivalent uniform moment diagram was introduced into design practice to eliminate the need for extensive calculations based on the solution to a differential equation. The expression currently used by the ACI Building Code is a simplified equation based on the elastic behavior of columns, and does not include the inelastic material behavior. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different variables on Cm of slender, tied, rectangular composite columns in which steel shapes are encased in concrete and to examine existing expressions for Cm. Approximately, 11,000 square composite columns, each with a different combination of specified values of variables, were simulated. The columns studied were subjected to short-term ultimate loads and unequal end moments causing moment gradient in single curvature and double curvature bending about the major axis of the encased steel section. Two design Cm equations are proposed in this paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".