Relationship between histopathological features of chemotherapy treated retinoblastoma and P‐glycoprotein expression
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been identified as a possible mediator of chemoresistance in retinoblastoma. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of P-gp in retinoblastoma treated with chemotherapy prior to enucleation. METHODS: Seventeen enucleated specimens of retinoblastoma from 16 patients were studied. Nine had been treated with chemotherapy alone, and eight had been treated with chemotherapy and other forms of local treatment. Tumour differentiation as well as choroidal and optic nerve invasion were assessed. P-gp immunohistochemical staining was performed and evaluated as negative, low or high. RESULTS: Histopathological assessment of the cases showed that 14 of 17 eyes (82.3%) had viable retinoblastoma cells. Nine retinoblastomas were considered regressed with a well-differentiated component, five regressed retinoblastomas had viable cells with poor differentiation and three retinoblastomas had regressed leaving no viable cells. Sixteen of 17 retinoblastomas were P-gp positive. In the one case with optic nerve invasion and the three cases with massive choroidal invasion, P-gp expression was found in invading retinoblastoma cells. CONCLUSION: Almost all retinoblastomas expressed P-gp. High levels of P-gp expression might play a role in chemotherapy resistance of retinoblastoma or, conversely, chemotherapy might induce P-gp expression. These results might have an impact on management of bilateral retinoblastoma.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it