Dendroecological analysis of black spruce in lichen—spruce woodlands of the closed-crown forest zone in eastern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lichen—spruce woodlands occur in the closed-crown forest zone as a divergent type of the spruce-moss forest because of regeneration failure caused by compounded disturbances (fire, insect outbreaks, and logging). From the southern limit of distribution of lichen woodlands (47° 30′ N) to the northern limit of the closed-crown forest zone (52° 40′ N), 53 lichen woodlands were sampled for a detailed dendroecological analysis. Radial, height, and volumetric growth of black spruce (Picea mariana) trees among the woodlands varied significantly according to stand age. Growth rates were similar for all even-aged spruce trees, whereas growth rates of trees < 100 y old were significantly greater than those of trees > 100 y old. No significant differences were found in growth rates of spruces distributed along the latitudinal gradient. Spruce trees were generally small in all the woodlands studied, with only a few trees taller than 12 m. Although spruce budworm may have affected all stands, the timing and intensity of the infestations were not necessarily synchronous among the studied stands. Partial least square response (PLS) functions were calculated to evaluate the impact of climate on tree-rings with latitude. Along the 600-km transect, PLS response functions indicated that growth was strongly influenced by current and previous year climatic conditions, particularly precipitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".