Sex ratio, flowering and fruit set in dioecious <i>Rubus chamaemorus</i> (Rosaceae) in Labrador
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rubus chamaemorus L. is a dioecious clonal herb with highly variable fruit production. Our overall objective was to determine how fruit production (and the reproductive stages leading to fruit) for R. chamaemorus varied with habitat and population (especially sex ratio) characteristics at scales from 1 m 2 quadrats to whole populations in southeastern Labrador, Canada. During the climatically favourable year studied, reproductive variables were only weakly correlated with habitat characteristics. Strongly biased sex ratios were found at scales of 1–10 m. Male-dominated quadrats exhibited a significantly higher proportion of flowering ramets than did female-dominated quadrats. Female-biased sex ratios of flowering ramets and large distances between male and female flowers were correlated with decreased seed set. We found no differences in microhabitats of males and females. Although the biased local sex ratios could limit sexual reproduction, the high fruit set we measured clearly indicates that populations are able to produce abundant fruit during favourable years in this unpredictable environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".