Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence of mentally ill offenders in society has been a problem since the closure of the mental institutions in the 1960s. Due to the erratic and often antisocial behaviors caused by the ups and downs of their illness, they often violate societal rules and end up in jail. Thus, the jail has become the repository of the mentally ill (Adler, 1986; Palermo, Gumz, & Liska, 1992). The treatment received in most jails and prisons was and too often continues to be the bare minimum. Even though some states and cities, both in the United States and abroad, organized psychiatric services that were able to care for the flood of mentally ill offenders in an adequate way (Palermo, Smith, & Liska, 1991), the majority of the deinstitutionalized mentally ill received, and continue to receive, poor treatment and a minimum of follow-up care on discharge. The latter is at times a consequence of the mentally ill offender’s deception in attempting to escape from psychiatrization (Palermo et al., 1992). Following the period of deinstitutionalization, the problem of transinstitutionalization ensued and it persists today throughout the world. Once discharged from jail or prison, these mentally ill persons often find it difficult to reintegrate into society and behave, as before, antisocially. On apprehension they are returned to the jail or prison which they have often just left. This revolving door has been present for the past 50 years: social reintegration fails and recidivism follows. In this issue, Jeffrey Abracen and colleagues present a study of mentally ill offenders in Canada, assessing the frequency of mental illness in a high-risk population and their risk for reoffending. This well-written article and the good methodology they used assure the validity of their study. The authors found a high rate of mental illness among offenders and, more importantly, found that those who carried a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADA) were either the highest on a recidivistic scale or the highest in suspension, while those diagnosed with pedophilic disorders had a very low rate of recidivism. The sample was drawn from a non-psychiatric, security halfway house, which, even though a reputable institution, was insufficient to meet the mental health needs of the high-risk offender. Unfortunately, this is a problem for many released prisoners.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".