Inflammation and Remodeling of the Sinus Mucosa in Children and Adults With Chronic Sinusitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The sinus mucosal inflammatory response in adult patients with chronic sinusitis is well documented in the literature. In contrast, little is known about the pathogenesis of this condition in children. The objective of the study was to compare the inflammatory cell profile and the extent of tissue remodeling in the sinus mucosa of children and adults with chronic sinusitis. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective design. METHODS: Children (n = 7) and adult patients (n = 7) with chronic sinusitis undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery were recruited for the study. Patients with no evidence of sinus disease (n = 6) were used as control subjects. Using immunohistochemical analysis, sinus mucosal specimens were assessed for the presence of T lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and neutrophils. The extent of submucosal collagen deposition was evaluated in histological sections using van Gieson stain. RESULTS: The number of T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils and the amount of subepithelial collagen deposition are significantly higher in the mucosa of both adults and children with chronic sinusitis compared with normal control subjects (P <.01). The number of mast cells is significantly higher in the mucosa of children with chronic sinusitis compared with normal control subjects (P <.01). The number of eosinophils and neutrophils and the amount of subepithelial collagen deposition are significantly greater in adults compared with children with chronic sinusitis (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: The sinus mucosal inflammatory profile is similar in adults and children with chronic sinusitis. However, the degree of tissue eosinophilia and remodeling is significantly greater in adult sinus specimens when compared with those of children with chronic sinusitis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".