Muslim teachers’ experiences with race and racism in Quebec secondary schools
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent polls indicate that 69 per cent of Quebecois(es) and 54 per cent of Canadians as a whole have a negative view towards Islam (Angus Reid, 2013). Quebec has had a turbulent history with its racialized Others, particularly in the realm of education (Desroches, 2013). At varying points in Quebec’s recent history, political parties have gained prominence through employing identity politics, framing Muslims as a threatening ‘Other’. This occurred during the Reasonable Accommodation debates from 2006-2008 (Mahrouse, 2010) and more recently in discussions over the Quebec Charter of Values, a proposed law that will prohibit government employees or employees of state funded institutions from wearing conspicuous forms of religious attire. This article examines the lived experiences of three Muslim teachers working in Quebec secondary schools in the post-9/11 context. Through employing institutional ethnography, this study aimed to explore if Muslim teachers working in public secondary schools in Quebec have observed or experienced racism or prejudice towards the Islamic faith in their secondary schools, and if so, how this manifested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.024 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".