Urodynamic improvements following oral medical therapy for partial bladder outlet obstruction in an animal model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Bladder deterioration after partial outlet obstruction (pBOO) occurs commonly and has significant clinical implications. Our previous animal model results described the progression of pBOO to hypertrophy and fibrosis. We wished to determine if the pathologic process of pBOO can be altered with rationally chosen oral medications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent controlled surgically induced pBOO. Rats were maintained for a period of 16 weeks at which point urodynamics were performed, and organs harvested. Rats were divided into four groups, each receiving different daily treatment: control (saline), oxybutynin (3 mg/kg), rapamycin (2 mg/kg), and tadalafil (2 mg/kg). Outcomes were assessed after 4,8,12, or 16 weeks. Measures included animal health, urodynamics, histology, mass spectrometry for collagen content, and rtPCR for inflammatory mediators. RESULTS: Rapamycin treated animals exhibited significant mortality at later time points. Oxybutinin and tadalafil treated bladders demonstrated significant improvements in bladder capacity and compliance, with less detrusor hypertrophy than controls. Tadalafil also resulted in a significant down-regulation of HIF-1α, while decorin, biglycan, and TGF-β were upregulated in treated animals. Tadalafil treated bladders measured lower collagen content towards the end of the study, indicating an antifibrotic effect. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has effectively demonstrated that deleterious changes secondary to pBOO can be altered pharmacologically. Oxybutinin and tadalafil seem to have a time-dependent protective effect on the detrusor muscle, although with different mechanisms of action. Tadalafil treatment in this setting appears to have an antifibrotic effect. This work has the potential to seed important clinical studies and improve clinical practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".