Temporal and vertical distributions of three appendicularian species (Tunicata) in Conception Bay, Newfoundland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temporal and vertical distributions of the boreal appendicularian species Oikopleura vanhoeffeni, Fritillaria borealis and O. labradoriensis were observed in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, over a 1-year period in order to determine whether they share the same environmental niche. Total abundance of the three species together peaked after the spring maximum of chlorophyll a concentration, indicating that appendicularian abundance was generally related to the biomass of phytoplankton. The seasonal peak abundance of the three species did not overlap in time. The maximum abundance of O. vanhoeffeni occurred in May and June during the spring phytoplankton bloom, that of F. borealis occurred in July and August as upper mixed layer temperature increased and salinity decreased and that of O. labradoriensis occurred in October when salinity was at its annual minimum. Vertical distribution also differed among the species. Oikopleura vanhoeffeni occurred primarily below the surface layer and remained below the thermocline in summer. The vertical distribution of F. borealis was not correlated with the observed environmental variables, whereas O. labradoriensis occurred primarily at depths of minimum salinity. Each species displayed a distinct niche based on temperature and salinity. Oikopleura vanhoeffeni was a cryophile with a stenothermal and stenohaline niche, F. borealis was eurythermic and euryhaline and O. labradoriensis inhabited a mesothermal and mesohaline niche. These results indicate physical niche separation among these three sympatric, arcto-boreal appendicularian species and provide information from which future changes in their abundance and spatial distribution can be predicted given likely climatic variation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".