A study of micellization and the thermodynamic properties of a series of aqueous sodium cyclohexyl alkanoate surfactants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The micellization and the thermodynamic properties of a series of sodium cyclohexyl alkanoates of the general formula C 6 H 11 (CH 2 ) n COONa (where n = 1, 2, 3, 4) were investigated employing conductivity, density, surface tension, viscosity, speed of sound, luminescence probing experiments, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The critical micelle concentrations (cmcs) and the aggregation numbers indicate that these surfactants have high cmc values and low aggregation numbers when compared to other single-headed surfactants (most notably the sodium alkanoates). Thermodynamic properties, obtained from the mass action model, indicate that micellization is spontaneous and entropically driven. The saturation area per molecule, the free energies of adsorption, and the efficiency and effectiveness of adsorption were determined through surface tension measurements. The presence of the cylcohexyl ring appears to influence the surface properties of micellization. Both the effectiveness and the efficiency of these surfactants, in lowering the surface tension of water, are lower than that of the straight chain alkanoates.Key words: thermodynamics, micellization, aggregation numbers, speed of sound, and spectroscopy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".