'Made in Africa' Versus 'Out of Africa': Comparing South Africa's Non-Leadership with Canada's Leadership in the 1996 Crisis in Eastern Zaire
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The response of the international community to the 1996 crisis in Eastern Zaire raises a number of significant questions. This paper looks at the puzzle concerning the nature and degree of direct involvement by outside powers. At a time when 'made in Africa' solutions to crisis situations had begun to generate some impetus, the 'out of Africa' leadership role taken on by Canada stood out as an apparent aberration. Equally, the non-leadership role adopted by South Africa seems curious given its own internal transition. In both Canada and South Africa, the distinctive (even idiosyncratic) approaches by national leaders had a significant impact on the way Canada and South Africa reacted to the crisis. Questions of personality in isolation, however, cannot tell us the full story and a number of other important ingredients must be added. These factors include the relative capabilities the two countries possessed in terms of domestic organisation, reputational influences, the impact of external influences, and the temporal conditions by which this intervention was played out.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it