Measurements of the Residual Stresses Due to Cement Polymerization for Cemented Hip Implants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In cemented hip implant, the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) also called bone cement is used as grouting material between the implant and the bone. During the operation, the bone cement still in a liquid form is inserted between the femoral component and the bone. During polymerisation of the cement, residual stresses are generated in the bulk cement. The process of cement curing is a complex solidification phenomenon where transient stresses are generated and the residual stresses vary with different boundary conditions during curing (Ahmed et al., 1982). In particular, normal stresses are generated at the implant-PMMA interface resulting in a press-fit problem. The cement does not have a chemical bond with the stem nor the bone, however it fills completely the space between the two and serves to distribute the load being transferred from the stem to the bone. An experiment has been devised to measure directly the residual stresses of the bone cement to reproduce the in-vivo behaviour of the prosthesis. An idealized prosthesis (19-mm diameter) is used. A subminiature load cell (9.5-mm diameter) is inserted inside the stem to measure directly the radial residual stresses of the PMMA on the stem. Bone cement polymerizes between the stem and the synthetic bone (40-mm outside diameter). The tests are conducted at body temperature of 37°C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".