Bearing capacity and settlement of circular shallow foundations using a nonlinear constitutive relationship
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design of shallow foundations is dominated by issues of settlement rather than bearing capacity per se. The ability to predict the settlement of foundations at a given factor of safety is hence of key importance in design. In this paper, the energy method for a linear-elastic, perfectly plastic method utilizing the von Mises’ yield criterion with associated flow developed and reported by McMahon et al. in 2013 is extended to consider the nonlinear behaviour of soil. The energy method is used to investigate the load–settlement behaviour of shallow foundations by utilizing an ellipsoidal cavity-expansion mechanism and deformation fields within the boundaries of the classical Hill and Prandtl mechanisms. An elastic mechanism obtained from an analysis in ABAQUS was also investigated using this energy method. The upper-bound approach demonstrates that the cavity-expansion mechanism produces a better solution at small values of settlement, whereas at greater settlements the Prandtl mechanism is shown to produce a more optimal upper-bound solution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".