Unproven ingestion: An unrecognized bias in toxicological case series
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Case series of ingestion in preschool children may include patients without significant exposure if the substance is not measured. METHODS: In order to evaluate the unproven ingestion bias, we conducted, between January 2000 and June 2004, a retrospective analysis of a poison control center-based series of children <6 years old with a history of toxic methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. RESULTS: Over the 54 month period, 115 children were referred to obtain a level. Of these, 102 children, aged 25 +/- 10 months, actually had a level analyzed. Only 21 patients had positive levels measured a median of 90 minutes post-ingestion. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that a significant fraction of purported cases were not confirmed. When a study aims at determining the toxicity of the substance, measurements of the xenobiotic should be required in any case series involving preschool aged children in order to decrease the unproven ingestion bias.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it