Decreased Smad 7 expression contributes to cardiac fibrosis in the infarcted rat heart
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the role of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) signaling inhibitor Smad 7 in cardiac fibrosis. TGF-beta(1) (10 ng/ml) was found to increase cytosolic Smad 7 expression in primary adult rat fibroblasts and induce rapid nuclear export of exogenous Smad 7 in COS-7 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of Smad 7 in primary adult fibroblasts was associated with suppressed collagen type I and III expression. We detected Smad 7, phosphorylated Smad 2, TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaRI), and TGF-beta(1) proteins in postmyocardial infarct (MI) rat hearts. In 2 and 4 wk post-MI hearts, Smad 7 and TbetaRI expression were decreased in scar tissue, whereas TGF-beta(1) expression was increased in scar and viable tissue. In the 8 wk post-MI heart, Smad 7 expression was decreased in both scar tissue and myocardium remote to the infarct scar. Finally, we confirmed that these changes are paralleled by decreased expression of cytosolic phosphorylated receptor-regulated Smad 2 in 4-wk viable myocardium and in 2- and 4-wk infarct scar tissues. Taken together, our data imply that decreased inhibitory Smad 7 signal in cardiac fibroblasts may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis in the post-MI heart.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it