The Association Between Home and Vehicle Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and Chronic Bronchitis in a Canadian Population: The Canadian Community Health Survey, 2005
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between home and vehicle exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and chronic bronchitis based on data from 64,961 non-smokers aged 12 years and older who participated in the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The proportion of respondents who reported ETS exposure in the home and vehicle was 9.0% and 8.4% respectively. The prevalence of self-reported doctor diagnosed chronic bronchitis was 1.5%. When considered separately, home and vehicle ETS were both significantly associated with chronic bronchitis in children and adolescents aged 12-19 years, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.30 (95% CI 1.46-3.63) and 2.25 (95% CI 1.42-3.58), respectively. Neither home, nor vehicle ETS exposure was significantly associated with chronic bronchitis in age groups greater than 19 years. When home and vehicle ETS exposure were considered together, and sex, age, allergies, asthma, marital status, level of education, and race where controlled for, home ETS exposure was not a significant predictor of chronic bronchitis (P = 0.296), while vehicle ETS was. The correlation between exposure variables was fair, with a kappa coefficient of 0.40 (P < 0.0001). Females, older age groups, non-white individuals, asthmatic patients, as well as individuals with allergies, no high school diploma, and those who were previously married had higher odds of chronic bronchitis. In conclusion, vehicle exposure to ETS was significantly associated with chronic bronchitis, and children and adolescents exposed to ETS were more susceptible to the disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".