Transparency current density of GaInNAs lasers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transparency current density (Jtr) was studied in GaInNAs ridge waveguide lasers. The devices employ Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y multiple quantum wells and were grown on GaAs substrates using solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with an RF plasma cell. The transparency current density is sensitive to material quality: defects, traps and other sources of non-radiative recombination. It is also dependent on the rate of thermionic emission from quantum wells. Wavelength, polarization and temperature dependence of transparency carrier density of annealed material was studied. Record low transparency carrier densities of 20 and 90 A/cm2/well were observed (for TM and TE polarizations) in devices based on GaInNAs material designed for emission at 1340 nm after optimized rapid thermal annealing. This low value of Jtr confirms the excellent quality of the GaInNAs material and demonstrates that GaInNAs lasers with excellent material properties can be grown for long wavelength applications provided appropriate annealing is applied. It is believed that the low transparency current density is a unique feature of GaInNAs and is due to the band structure and band alignment of the material system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".