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Record W2103061944 · doi:10.1517/14656566.3.8.1131

The evolution and role of macrolides in infectious diseases

2002· review· en· W2103061944 on OpenAlexaffabout
Joseph M. Blondeau

Bibliographic record

VenueExpert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · 2002
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Canadian institutionsUniversity of SaskatchewanSt. Paul's HospitalRoyal University Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAzithromycinClarithromycinErythromycinMedicineAntibioticsIntensive care medicineMacrolide AntibioticsAntibiotic resistanceAntimicrobialInfectious disease (medical specialty)Adverse effectPharmacologyDiseaseInternal medicineMicrobiologyBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Two of the most significant changes in the field of infectious disease management during the last few decades are the emergence of atypical and/or new pathogens that may have devastating consequences and the re-emergence of well-recognised organisms that have acquired antimicrobial resistance through a variety of mechanisms. Erythromycin, the prototype macrolide, was originally marketed approximately five decades ago as a useful alternative agent in the treatment of patients allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics. While clinically useful, its pharmacokinetic and adverse-event profile limited the use of erythromycin to these individuals. Enhancements of the macrolide structure circumvented many of the limitations of erythromycin and resulted in the development of azithromycin and clarithromycin. The clinical uses of clarithromycin and azithromycin are substantially wider than erythromycin due to the wide spectra of activity against the atypical and newer pathogens. In addition, these agents are well-tolerated and have a pharmacokinetic profile that allows once- or twice-daily administration. Studies also indicate that the more common of the two mechanisms of macrolide resistance in the US and Canada imparts only low-level resistance. The multitude of studies substantiating clinical as well as bacteriological success with these two agents indicates that, when used appropriately, they will stand the test of time and continue to be useful antimicrobial agents.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.997
Threshold uncertainty score0.680

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.034
GPT teacher head0.389
Teacher spread0.356 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designOther design
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations40
Published2002
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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