Removal of nitrobenzene and volatile organic compounds using electron radiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experimental results concerning removal of nitrobenzene and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as toluene, trichloroethylene and benzene with the use of low energy electron beam are presented. Lab scale apparatus for electron beam irradiation of water is briefly described. Total dose of /spl beta/ radiation was controlled by the time of water circulation (1-50 min.), accelerating voltage (V/sub a/=100-125 kV) and electron beam current (0.1-1 mA) for flow rate of 1 kg/min. The electron beam was generated in vacuum (p<10/sup -7/ Torr) produced by a system of diffusion-sorption-rotary pumps. Electrons were injected into the treated water through an electron beam permeable membrane made of boron nitride poly-crystalline ceramics with a thickness of 10 /spl mu/m. A low mass density (/spl sim/2 g/cm/sup 3/) of the ceramic material enables to obtain a high transmission of the electron beam even for a low accelerating voltage. Dependencies of the removed content of contaminants on the total dose of /spl beta/ radiation are presented. Despite using low energy electron beam, the results have indicated a significant removal of nitrobenzene and VOCs treated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".