A Comparative Study of Hormonal Regulation of Three Secretory Proteins (Prostatic Secretory Protein-PSP94, Probasin, and Seminal Vesicle Secretion II) in Rat Lateral Prostate**This work was supported by an RGC Earmarked Research Grant (CUHK 4131/00M) from the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (to F.L.C.) and a grant from the Medical Research Council of Canada (to J.W.X.).
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rat dorsolateral prostate secretes several major known proteins, although their physiological and reproductive functions are largely undefined. In the present study we examined and compared the in vivo hormonal regulation of the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of three major secretory proteins, including prostatic secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94 or beta-microseminoprotein), probasin, and seminal vesicle secretion II (SVSII), in long-term castrated lateral prostates (LP) by in situ hybridization and semiquantitative RT-PCR. The protein levels of PSP94 in the castrated LPs were also examined by Western blotting. PSP94 is a small protein newly isolated from the rat prostate gland and demonstrates highly specific expression in the LP. The results of in situ hybridization showed that PSP94, probasin, and SVSII were highly expressed in the intact LP. The hybridization signals of probasin and PSP94 disappeared in the 60-day postcastrated LPs, whereas the signals of SVSII dropped sharply in the 14-day postcastrated LPs. Similar patterns of decreasing mRNA levels of the three proteins in the castrated LPs were observed by RT-PCR analysis. Their mRNA transcripts were restored to normal levels after replacement with testosterone. The results indicate that these secretory proteins are all under androgen regulation in the rat LP. Interestingly, we also observed that their degrees of sensitivity or responsiveness to androgen withdrawal are different. Their mRNA levels dropped in response to duration of castration in the following decreasing order: SVSII, PSP94, and probasin. Besides androgen [dihydrotestosterone (DHT)], we also examined the effects of glucocorticoid [dexamethasone (DEX)], progestin [medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)], and zinc on their gene expressions in castrated LPs. We observed that the mRNA transcripts of both PSP94 and probasin were increased after treatments with DHT, DEX, and MPA, suggesting that these two proteins could also be regulated by glucocorticoid and progestin. In contrast with probasin, PSP94 and SVSII were not induced by ZnSO4 treatment. On the other hand, SVSII expression was only increased significantly by DHT and moderately by MPA, but not by DEX, suggesting that SVSII is under strict control by androgen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".