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Record W2103559316 · doi:10.5539/jas.v4n5p203

Effect of Temperature, Pressure and Moisture Content on Durability of Cattle Manure Pellet in Open-end Die Method

2012· article· en· W2103559316 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Agricultural Science · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicMetallurgy and Material Forming
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPelletPelletsDurabilityWater contentManureRaw materialExtrusionMoistureMaterials sciencePelletizingDie (integrated circuit)Pulp and paper industryEnvironmental scienceComposite materialAgronomyChemistryGeotechnical engineeringEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Densification of biomass feedstocks, such as pelleting, can increase bulk density, improve storability, reduce transportation costs, and make these materials easier to handle by using existing handling and storage equipment. Evaluation effect of extrusion and raw material parameters on quality parameters of pellet is necessary to determine optimum conditions for designing and constructing a suitable pelleting machine for producing cattle manure pellets. In this study durability of cattle manure pellet that produced by opened die method determined at different temperatures (T), pressures (P) and moisture contents (Mw). Cattle manure samples were compressed with three levels of pressures (3.5,6 and 8 Mpa) and three levels of temperatures (40, 60 and 80 °C) at three levels of moisture contents (50, 55 and 60%). ANOVA results have indicated that linear terms T , P and Mw and interaction of variables were statistically signi?cant at P < 0.01 for pellet durability. Also using cattle manure with 50% moisture content, medium temperature about 40 °C and pressure at 6 MPa resulted maximum pellet durability.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.498
Threshold uncertainty score0.184

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.266
Teacher spread0.252 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it