Scalp and Forehead Reconstruction Using Free Revascularized Tissue Transfer
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the indications for, and the success of, free flap reconstruction in patients with forehead and scalp defects. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Two tertiary referral university teaching hospitals. Patients Twenty-six consecutive patients, aged 31 to 85 years, presenting with 26 scalp defects, 5 forehead defects, and 1 combined defect (size, 70-672 cm(2)). Three patients required resection and repair of the dura at surgery. Intervention Patients were staged according to the size of the defect and the viability of surrounding tissue; free flap reconstruction was performed where indicated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Flap survival, complications, and disease-free and overall survival. RESULTS: Thirty-four free flap reconstructions were performed (24 latissimus dorsi free flaps, 4 scapular free flaps, 3 rectus abdominis free flaps, and 3 radial forearm free flaps). One failed 2 weeks postoperatively, and 2 required exploration (1 for arterial ischemia and 1 for a hematoma). There were 3 cases of donor site morbidity (2 early seromas and 1 late abdominal hernia). One patient died of a pulmonary embolus 1 week postoperatively. Disease-free survival was 48% at 5 years and overall survival was 59% at 5 years, with a median follow-up of 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Free revascularized tissue transfer is a reliable and safe way of reconstructing large scalp or forehead defects after traumatic injury or neoplastic resection. The muscle-only latissimus dorsi free flap for scalp reconstruction and the cutaneous scapular free flap for the forehead have proved successful in selected patients with a low complication rate and satisfactory cosmesis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it