Delayed but Not Early Glucocorticoid Treatment Protects the Host during Experimental Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis in Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids (GCs) have not been established as an evidence-based therapy for herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis. We sought to evaluate the effects of early versus delayed GC administration in a model of HSV-1 encephalitis. METHODS: Mice were inoculated intranasally with a clinical HSV-1 strain and had access to corticosterone (Cort; 0.2 mg/mL) in drinking water or received dexamethasone (DEX; 10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Cort was started immediately or 72 h after infection, whereas DEX was administrated 3 days after infection. RESULTS: Expression of the thymidine kinase transcript indicated widespread viral replication in the brain stem and many regions of the mediovestibular system. This neurovirulence provoked neuronal death and transcriptional activation of several immune genes. Notably, Toll-like receptors 2, 3, and 9 transcripts were strongly up-regulated. Mean life expectancy was higher in the group of mice that received delayed Cort (56%) than in the mice that received no Cort (44%) or early Cort treatments (13%) (P<.05, early vs. delayed or no Cort treatments). Delayed DEX treatment suppressed not only the expression of inflammatory genes as expected but also that of viral genes. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of GCs at a critical time during viral infection is associated with neuroprotection and survival in experimental HSV-1 encephalitis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".