Prosody and the production of ambiguous relative clauses in French
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When we hear the sentence he respects the butcher of the doctor who gains weight each year, it is not clear whether the appreciated butcher has put on weight or whether it is the doctor who is a bit heavier. Without additional information, the attachment of the relative clause (RC) is ambiguous, a case of structural ambiguity that is found in many languages, including English and French. Although such phrases are usually disambiguated by context, it has been shown that speakers and listeners can disambiguate several structural ambiguities by prosodic means Yet, this body of literature has concentrated almost exclusively on the ambiguity resolution of a small set of structures in English. The current study examines the prosodic strategies of final lengthening and F0 rise used to disambiguate the attachment of a RC to a complex noun phrase (NP) as employed by three native speakers (NS) of both Hexagonal and Quebecois French. Participants completed two tasks, one in which the intended interpretation of the RC was indicated through context and the other a more explicit minimal pairs task. Almost all participants employ a similar pattern of final lengthening to differentiate between the two interpretations of the RC, whereas results from F0 rise are mixed, with several patterns emerging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".